瓒呯磾姘存��(j墨)鍑烘按璩�(zh矛)閲忓皪(du矛)鍏ㄨ嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鐢熷寲鍒嗘瀽鍎�妾㈡脯(c猫)鐨勫奖闊�/姘磋唱(zh矛)瑕佹眰

姘存槸瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ゅ収(n猫i)涓�鍊�(g猫)甯稿父琚�蹇借�栦絾鍙堝埌闂�(gu膩n)閲嶈�佺殑瑭﹀��銆傚湪鍏ㄨ嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鐢熷寲鍒嗘瀽鍎�妾㈡脯(c猫)閬庣▼涓�锛岀磾姘翠綔鐐虹敓鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勮級楂旀垨浠嬭唱(zh矛)銆佹ǎ鍝佹垨瑭﹀姂鐨勭█閲嬫恫鍜屾憾鍔戙�佸剙鍣ㄧ殑娓呮礂娑茬敋鍒板弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫弮鑸囪�呯瓑璨�绌挎�㈡脯(c猫)鐨勫叏閬庣▼锛屽叾绱斿害鐨勯珮浣庣洿鎺ラ棞(gu膩n)绯诲埌妾㈡脯(c猫)绲�(ji茅)鏋滅殑鍙�淇″害銆傜洰鍓嶅叏 鍦�(gu贸)澶ч儴鍒嗗��(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ら兘浣跨敤鍙嶆徊閫忕殑涓�澶�绱旀按绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岄�氶亷灏�(du矛)瑭茬郴绲�(t菕ng)宸ヤ綔娴佺▼鐨勫垎鏋愪互鍙婇亣鍒扮殑瀵�(sh铆)闅涙儏娉�锛岀櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)骞剁附绲�(ji茅)浜嗗皫(d菐o)鑷存按绱斿害涓嶅�犵殑骞剧ó鍥犵礌鍙婂叾灏�(du矛)鍏ㄨ嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鐢熷寲鍒嗘瀽鍎�妾㈡脯(c猫)鐨勫奖闊�銆�

1 绱旀按绯荤当(t菕ng)宸ヤ綔娴佺▼鍙婂奖闊垮洜绱�

1.1 鍘熸按闋�(y霉)铏曠悊鍘熸按鏄�鎸囬��(j矛n)鍏ュ��(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ょ殑鑷�渚嗘按锛岄��(y霉)铏曠悊灏辨槸闄ゅ幓鑷�渚嗘按涓�绲曞ぇ閮ㄥ垎鐨勯洔璩�(zh矛)銆�

1.1.1鏂规硶锛氶爯(y霉)铏曠悊涓�鑸�浣跨敤姗�(j墨)姊伴亷婵炬硶锛屽垎涓夋�ラ��(j矛n)琛岋細

鈶犵簿瀵嗘烤鑺�(鍙堢ū閬庢烤婵捐姱銆佸垎绶氱篂婵捐姱鍜岀啍鍣存烤鑺�)閬庢烤鍘熸按涓�鐨勬偿娌欑瓑澶х殑椤嗙矑鐗�;

鈶℃椿鎬х偔婵捐姱閫氶亷鍚搁檮浣滅敤鍘婚櫎姘翠腑鐨勭禃澶ч儴鍒嗘湁 姗�(j墨)鐗╁拰閲嶉噾灞�闆㈠瓙绛�(鐗瑰垾鏄�鑷�渚嗘按涓�鐨勪綑姘�锛屽叾灏�(du矛)鍙嶆徊閫忚啘鏈夊緢澶х殑姘у寲浣滅敤锛屾墍浠ラ爤缍�(j墨ng)鐢辨椿鎬х偔鍘婚櫎);

鈶㈠弽婊查�忚啘(RO)閫�(j矛n)涓�姝ュ幓闄ゆ按涓�鐨勫井瑙�绮掑瓙鍜岄菇鍒�銆�

1.1.2褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛�

鈶犺嚜渚嗘按姘磋唱(zh矛)锛氳嚜渚嗘按涓�闆滆��(zh矛)鍚�閲忛珮鏅�(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷撮爯(y霉)铏曠悊閮ㄤ欢浣跨敤澹藉懡绺�鐭�鍜岃檿鐞嗗悗姘磋唱(zh矛)涓嶉仈(d谩)妯�(bi膩o)锛岀敋鍒版渻(hu矛)鍫靛�炵�￠亾锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷撮渶瑕佹洿楂樼殑閫�(j矛n)姘村�撴墠鑳藉伐浣滐紝涓�鑸�瑕佹眰鑷�渚嗘按涓�鍥洪珨婧惰В鐗╁惈閲�(TDS)灏忎簬200 mg/L銆�

鈶￠爯(y霉)铏曠悊閮ㄤ欢浣跨敤澹藉懡锛氱簿瀵嗘烤鑺�銆佹椿鎬х偔婵捐姱銆佸弽婊查�忚啘绛夐兘鏄�鍏锋湁鐩稿��(du矛)澹藉懡鐨勬潗鏂�锛屽叾涓�绮惧瘑婵捐姱鍜屾椿鎬х偔婵捐姱鍙堝皪(du矛)鍙嶆徊閫忚啘鍏锋湁淇濊��(h霉)浣滅敤锛屽�傛灉瀹冨�戝け鏁堬紝RO鑶滆矤(f霉)鑽峰氨鏈�(hu矛)鍔犻噸锛屽＝鍛藉氨鏈�(hu矛)绺�鐭�銆傜敱浜庡悇寤犲�剁��(ch菐n)鍝佽唱(zh矛)閲忓悇鐣�锛孯O鑶滃張鍍�(ji脿)鏍兼槀璨达紝鍥犳�ゅ湪瀵�(sh铆)闅涗娇鐢ㄤ腑鎳�(y墨ng)鏍规摎(j霉)鍚勫湴鑷�渚嗘按姘磋��(zh矛)鍚堢悊鎼�閰嶄娇鐢�銆�

鈶㈤��(j矛n)姘村�擄細涓�鑸�绱旀按绯荤��(t菕ng)闋�(y霉)铏曠悊閮介渶瑕佺敤楂樺�撴车缍�鎸佷竴瀹氱殑閫�(j矛n)姘村�撳��(鈮�0. lMpa)鎵嶈兘缍�鎸佹�ｅ父宸ヤ綔锛岀暥(d膩ng)楂樺�撴车澹撳姏涓嶈冻鏅�(sh铆)鏈�(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷寸敘(ch菐n)姘撮噺涓嬮檷銆�

鈶ｇ磾姘寸郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭董璀�(h霉)锛氱磾姘寸郴绲�(t菕ng)涓�鑸�閮藉叿鏈夎嚜鍕�(d貌ng)鍙嶆矕娲楀姛鑳�锛岀暥(d膩ng)鍏惰ō(sh猫)缃�涓嶅悎鐞嗘垨鏁呴殰浠ュ強浜哄伐缍�璀�(h霉)涓嶇暥(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)涔熸渻(hu矛)褰遍熆绱旀按姗�(j墨)鐨勬�ｅ父宸ヤ��锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷寸磾鍖栨晥鐜囧強姘磋唱(zh矛)涓嬮檷銆�

1.2鍘婚洟瀛愭按鐨勫埗鍌欎竴鑸�鐨勭磾姘寸郴绲�(t菕ng)鐢变簬鍙楀埌鎴愭湰闄愬埗锛孯O鑶滆唱(zh矛)閲忎竴鑸�锛岀稉(j墨ng)鍏惰檿鐞嗛亷鐨勬按鍙�鑳介��(d谩)鍒颁笁绱�(j铆)绱旀按(闆婚樆鐜�>0. 2MO.cm)鐨勬��(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)銆備笁绱�(j铆)绱旀按闆栫劧缍�(j墨ng)閬庨爯(y霉)铏曠悊宸茬稉(j墨ng)鍘婚櫎浜嗗ぇ閮ㄥ垎闆㈠瓙锛屼絾鍏朵腑鐨勯洟瀛愭績搴﹂倓杓冮珮锛岄倓鏈�(hu矛)褰遍熆鐢熷寲鍒嗘瀽鍎�鐨勫井閲忔�㈡��(c猫)锛屽洜姝ら爤灏囦笁绱�(j铆)绱旀按閫�(j矛n)涓�姝ュ幓闆㈠瓙浠ラ仈(d谩)鍒颁竴绱�(j铆)绱旀按(闆婚樆鐜団墺lOM惟.cm)鐨勬��(bi膩o)婧�(zh菙n)鎵嶈兘鐢ㄤ簬鐢熷寲妾㈡脯(c猫)銆�

1.2.1鏂规硶锛氶洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴傛硶鏄�鍘婚洟瀛愭按鍒跺倷鐨勫父鐢ㄦ柟娉曪紝鎵�鐢ㄧ殑閮ㄤ欢灏辨槸闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌卞嵆绱斿寲鏌�(缃�)锛屽寘鎷�闄伴洟瀛愪氦鎻涙煴銆侀櫧(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌卞拰娣峰悎鏌辩瓑锛岃│鍔戠偤闄伴櫧(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛銆傞櫚闄�(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛涓�鑸�鏄�鐢辫嫰涔欑儻鑱氬悎鎴愬悗鍐嶉�氶亷浜屼箼鐑�鑻�浜よ伅(li谩n)寰楀埌澶氬瓟缍�(w菐ng)鐙�楠ㄦ灦绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岀劧鍚庡湪楠ㄦ灦涓婇�ｆ帴娲绘�у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鑰屽舰鎴愮殑楂樺垎瀛愯仛鍚堢墿銆傞洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴傛墍閫ｆ帴鐨勬椿鎬у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鍙�鍒嗙偤閰告�у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鍜屽牽鎬у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鍏╁ぇ椤炲瀷銆傞�ｆ帴閰告�у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勯洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴傜ū鐐洪櫧(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛锛岄�ｆ帴鍫挎�у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鐨勬ü鑴傜ū鐐洪櫚闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛銆�

1.2.2鍘熺悊锛�

鈶犻櫧(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌卞師鐞嗗嵆纭�姘磋粺鍖栧師鐞嗭細闄�(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛涓�鐨勯吀鎬у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鏈夌：閰稿熀(-S03H)銆佺晶鍩�(涓�COOH)鍜岃嫰閰氬熀(-C6H40H)绛夐吀鎬у熀鍦�(tu谩n)锛屽叾涓�鐨勬矮闆㈠瓙鑳借垏婧舵恫涓�鐨勯噾灞�闆㈠瓙鎴栧叾浠栭��(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙閫�(j矛n)琛屼氦鎻�銆備緥濡傝嫰涔欑儻鍜屼簩涔欑儻鑻�鐨勯珮鑱氱墿缍�(j墨ng)纾哄寲铏曠悊寰楀埌寮�(qi谩ng)閰告�ч櫧(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛锛屽叾绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)寮忓彲琛ㄧず鐐篟-SO3H锛屽紡涓璕浠ｈ〃妯硅剛姣嶉珨锛屼互Ca2+鐐轰緥鍏惰〃閬�(d谩)寮忕偤2R-S03H+ Ca2+- (R-SO3 )2Ca+ 2H+銆�

鈶￠櫚闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌辩殑鍘熺悊锛氶櫚闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛涓�鐨勫牽鎬у熀鍦�(tu谩n)鏈夊�ｈ兒鍩篬-N (CH3)30H]銆佽兒鍩�(-NHz)鍜屼簽鑳哄熀(-NHz)绛�銆傚畠鍊�?c猫)璋掝啳蹇冭媽顚傝挀H-闆㈠瓙锛屽彲鑸囧悇绋�闄伴洟瀛愯捣浜ゆ彌浣滅��锛屼互Cl-鐐轰緥鍏惰〃閬�(d谩)寮忕偤R-N (CH3)30H+Cl-RN(CH3)3Cl+OH-銆�

鈶㈡贩鍚堟煴锛氱暥(d膩ng)鍏╄�呬覆鑱�(li谩n)浣跨敤鎴栨贩鍚堜娇鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)锛岀敘(ch菐n)鐗╁氨鍙�鏈夋��锛岀附琛ㄩ仈(d谩)寮忕偤锛�2R-S03H+Ca2++2(CH3)30H+2Cl- - (R-S03)2Ca+2 RN (CH3)3C1+2H20.

1.2.3褰遍熆鍥犵礌锛�

鈶犻洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴傜殑璩�(zh矛)鑸囬噺锛氶洟瀛愪氦鎻涙ü鑴傛槸鏈夊＝鍛介檺鍒剁殑锛岀暥(d膩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌閬�(d谩)鍒颁竴瀹氶噺鏅�(sh铆)灏遍仈(d谩)鍒伴＝鍜岋紝闇�瑕侀��(j矛n)琛屽啀鐢熻檿鐞�锛屽洜姝よ唱(zh矛)閲忚秺濂界附閲忚秺澶у叾浣跨敤鏈熼檺瓒婇暦(zh菐ng)銆�

鈶￠櫚闄�(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌妯硅剛鐨勯�ｆ帴鏂瑰紡锛氬京(f霉)搴婂紡锛氳嫢骞插��(g猫)闄�(y谩ng)闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌卞拰鑻ュ共鍊�(g猫)闄伴洟瀛愪氦鎻涙煴涓茶伅(li谩n)鑰屾垚锛岄櫧(y谩ng)鍦ㄥ墠闄板湪鍚�锛屽叾鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄�鍐嶇敓鏂逛��锛岀己榛�(di菐n)鏄�鍑烘按璩�(zh矛)閲忎笉楂�(鍠�绱�(j铆)寰�(f霉)搴婂紡鍑烘按闆婚樆鐜囧彧鏈�0.5 M惟.cm锛岄洐绱�(j铆)寰�(f霉)搴婂紡鍑烘按闆婚樆鐜囩偤2 MO路cm)?锛涢綉褰╁墤绨┿垾?y谩ng)闆㈠瓙妯硅剛鍜岄櫚闆㈠瓙妯硅剛浠�1:2瀹圭�嶆瘮鍧囧嫽娣峰悎瑁濆叆鍚屼竴鍊�(g猫)浜ゆ彌鏌卞収(n猫i)鑰屾垚锛屽劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)鏄�鍑烘按绱斿害楂�(闆婚樆鐜団墺1OM惟.cm)锛岀己榛�(di菐n)鏄�鍐嶇敓鍥伴��銆傝伅(li谩n)鍚堝紡锛氬皣寰�(f霉)搴婂紡鍜屾贩搴婂紡涓茶伅(li谩n)璧蜂締鍗虫垚锛屽�氶噰鐢ㄤ笁鏌卞��锛屽嚭姘磋唱(zh矛)閲忛珮(闆婚樆鐜囬珮鍙�閬�(d谩)18. 3M惟.cm锛屽嵆瓒呯磾姘�)锛屼娇鐢ㄥ＝鍛介暦(zh菐ng)銆�

鈶�涓夌��(j铆)绱旀按鐨勭磾搴︼細鐣�(d膩ng)涓夌礆(j铆)绱旀按璩�(zh矛)閲忎笉鍚堟牸锛屽叾涓�涓�浜涢潪闆㈠瓙闆滆唱(zh矛)閫氶亷闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌辨檪(sh铆)灏辨渻(hu矛)褰遍熆闆㈠瓙浜ゆ彌鏌辩殑浣跨敤澹藉懡骞堕�犳垚鍑烘按姘磋唱(zh矛)鐨勯檷浣�銆傝┎鎯呮硜涓昏�佸彈闋�(y霉)铏曠悊閬庣▼鐨勫奖闊�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鏈変簺闁嬫斁鎬х殑绱旀按绯荤当(t菕ng)灏囩敓鎴愮殑涓夌礆(j铆)绱旀按鍎�(ch菙)瀛樹簬姘寸�变腑浠ュ倷鍏跺畠鐢ㄩ�斾娇鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)鍎�(ch菙)瀛樻檪(sh铆)闁撻亷闀�(zh菐ng)鎴栧叾瀹冨師鍥�?q奴)械纰屼憨顟绘対寤寸柦鐭�?hu矛)浣挎按绱斿害涓嬮檷銆�